Used For:

• Treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents ≥12 years or weighing ≥40 kgUsed in combination with other antiretroviral agents (usually nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, NRTIs) as part of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

Contraindications:

• Do not use in:Known hypersensitivity to Darunavir, Ritonavir, or any excipientConcomitant use with drugs highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance where increased plasma concentrations may be life-threatening (e.g., certain antiarrhythmics, sedatives, ergot derivatives)Severe hepatic impairment (use only if benefits outweigh risks)

Side Effects:

• Common Side EffectsGastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal painCNS: Headache, fatigue, insomniaMetabolic: Hyperlipidemia, increased blood sugar, insulin resistanceDermatologic: Rash (mild to moderate)Hepatic: Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST)❗ Serious / Rare Side EffectsSevere rash or Stevens–Johnson syndrome (rare)Hepatotoxicity — more common in patients with hepatitis B or CAllergic reactionsCardiac conduction abnormalities in predisposed patients (rare)Pancreatitis (rare)

Precautions:

• Monitor liver function before and during therapyUse caution in patients with history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hyperlipidemiaDo not stop therapy abruptly — can lead to viral resistanceDrug interactions are significant: Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitorAvoid co-administration with certain drugs: antiarrhythmics, sedatives, ergot derivatives, St. John’s WortPregnancy: Can be used if benefits outweigh risks; consult a specialistRenal impairment: Usually no dose adjustment needed, except in dialysis

Dietary Restrictions:

• Take with food to improve absorptionAvoid St. John’s Wort or other herbal supplements that induce CYP3A (can lower drug levels)Maintain balanced diet — may need to monitor blood sugar and lipid levelsAvoid excessive alcohol (can worsen liver toxicity)Maintain hydration and routine blood monitoring (CD4, viral load, liver function, lipids)