Used For:

• Treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents ≥12 years or weighing ≥40 kgUsed in combination with other antiretroviral agents (usually nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, NRTIs) as part of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

Adult Dosage:

• 1 tablet once daily, taken with foodAdminister in combination with other antiretroviral medicationsNo dose adjustment typically required in mild to moderate renal impairmentFor patients with severe hepatic impairment, use with caution

Contraindications:

• Do not use in:Known hypersensitivity to Darunavir, Ritonavir, or any excipientConcomitant use with drugs highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance where increased plasma concentrations may be life-threatening (e.g., certain antiarrhythmics, sedatives, ergot derivatives)Severe hepatic impairment (use only if benefits outweigh risks)

Side Effects:

• Common Side EffectsGastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal painCNS: Headache, fatigue, insomniaMetabolic: Hyperlipidemia, increased blood sugar, insulin resistanceDermatologic: Rash (mild to moderate)Hepatic: Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST)❗ Serious / Rare Side EffectsSevere rash or Stevens–Johnson syndrome (rare)Hepatotoxicity — more common in patients with hepatitis B or CAllergic reactionsCardiac conduction abnormalities in predisposed patients (rare)Pancreatitis (rare)

Precautions:

• Monitor liver function before and during therapyUse caution in patients with history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hyperlipidemiaDo not stop therapy abruptly — can lead to viral resistanceDrug interactions are significant: Ritonavir is a potent CYP3A inhibitorAvoid co-administration with certain drugs: antiarrhythmics, sedatives, ergot derivatives, St. John’s WortPregnancy: Can be used if benefits outweigh risks; consult a specialistRenal impairment: Usually no dose adjustment needed, except in dialysis

Dietary Restrictions:

• Take with food to improve absorptionAvoid St. John’s Wort or other herbal supplements that induce CYP3A (can lower drug levels)Maintain balanced diet — may need to monitor blood sugar and lipid levelsAvoid excessive alcohol (can worsen liver toxicity)Maintain hydration and routine blood monitoring (CD4, viral load, liver function, lipids)