Used For:

• HIV-1 InfectionUsed as part of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in adults and adolescents.Always combined with a third agent (e.g., efavirenz, dolutegravir, etc.).2. HIV Prevention (PrEP – Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis)For HIV-negative individuals at high risk of acquiring HIV.Reduces risk of HIV transmission when taken consistently.

Contraindications:

• Do NOT use in:Known hypersensitivity to tenofovir or emtricitabineSevere renal impairment (Creatinine clearance <30 mL/min)Patients with untreated HIV infection using it as PrEP (risk of resistance)Lactic acidosis or severe liver disease (relative contraindication)

Side Effects:

• Common Side EffectsUsually mild and improve with time:Nausea, vomiting, diarrheaHeadache, dizzinessFatigue, weaknessAbdominal discomfortSkin rash🚨 Serious (but less common) Side EffectsKidney toxicity (↑ creatinine, Fanconi syndrome)Bone mineral density loss (osteopenia, osteoporosis)Lactic acidosis (rare but life-threatening)HepatotoxicityHepatitis B flare if stopped abruptly in HBV-coinfected patients

Precautions:

• Baseline and periodic monitoring required:Kidney function (serum creatinine, eGFR)Liver function testsBone health (especially in elderly or long-term use)Use with caution in:Elderly patientsOsteoporosis or fracture riskChronic kidney diseaseDo not stop suddenly if patient has Hepatitis B (can cause severe flare)Adherence is critical — missed doses increase resistance riskNot a cure for HIV — continue safe sex practices

Dietary Restrictions:

• Can be taken with or without foodAdequate hydration recommended (protects kidneys)Avoid or limit alcohol (liver stress)Ensure adequate calcium & vitamin D intake (bone health)Avoid unnecessary NSAIDs (↑ kidney toxicity risk)