Used For:

• Treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and adolescents

Contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity to Lamivudine, Tenofovir, or any excipientsSevere renal impairment (unless dose-adjusted)Caution in co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) — sudden flare may occur if therapy is stopped abruptly

Side Effects:

• Common Side EffectsGastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal painNeurological: Headache, dizziness, fatigueRenal: Increased serum creatinine or reduced kidney function (rare, more with Tenofovir)Metabolic: Mild lactic acidosis (rare)Musculoskeletal: Bone mineral density reduction (especially long-term Tenofovir use)Hepatic: Elevation of liver enzymes, especially in HBV co-infectionSerious (but rare) Side EffectsLactic acidosis and hepatomegaly with steatosis (rare, life-threatening)Severe renal toxicity or Fanconi syndrome (Tenofovir-related)Severe hypersensitivity reactionsExacerbation of hepatitis B if therapy is stopped

Precautions:

• Renal function monitoring before and during therapy (creatinine, eGFR)Bone health monitoring if on long-term TenofovirHepatitis B screening before starting therapyAvoid concomitant nephrotoxic drugs (NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, some antivirals)Adherence is critical — skipping doses may lead to viral resistancePregnancy: Use only under physician supervision; Lamivudine/Tenofovir is generally safe in pregnancyBreastfeeding: Not recommended for HIV-positive mothers unless under strict ART guidance

Dietary Restrictions:

• Can be taken with or without food, but take consistently (same time daily)Maintain hydration to reduce risk of kidney issuesAvoid excessive alcohol, which can worsen liver toxicityDo not use over-the-counter supplements or medications without consulting your physician, especially nephrotoxic drugs or other antiviralsMaintain a balanced diet with adequate protein, calcium, and vitamin D for bone health